Scientific Grant Funding
This chapter provides an overview of grant funding as an innovation policy tool aimed at both practitioners and science policy scholars. We first discuss how grants relate to other contractual [...]
How Much Can Pharma Lose?
Whenever policymakers consider approaches to reduce drug spending, the pharmaceutical industry sings a familiar refrain— any reduction in drug manufacturer revenues will cause investment to wither, depriving manufacturers of the [...]
Blind Spot: How the COVID-19 Outbreak Shows the Limits of Pharma’s Monopoly Model
As yet another coronavirus spreads around the globe, scientists are once again trying to develop new treatments and vaccines. Much remains unknown about this family of viruses. But we know [...]
Profitability of Large Pharmaceutical Companies Compared With Other Large Public Companies
Understanding the profitability of pharmaceutical companies is essential to formulating evidence-based policies to reduce drug costs while maintaining the industry’s ability to innovate and provide essential medicines. This cross-sectional study [...]
Estimated Research and Development Investment Needed to Bring a New Medicine to Market, 2009-2018
The mean cost of developing a new drug has been the subject of debate, with recent estimates ranging from $314 million to $2.8 billion. Data were analyzed on new therapeutic [...]
Approaching intellectual property scholarship differently: A qualitative research review and agenda
Social and policy interest in intellectual property, and patents, in particular, is growing. This is reflected in the rise of scholarly inquiry on the topic beyond the legal community, including [...]
Demand Shocks, Procurement Policies, and the Nature of Medical Innovation: Evidence from Wartime Prosthetic Device Patents
We analyze wartime prosthetic device patents to investigate how procurement policy affects the cost, quality, and quantity of medical innovation. Analyzing whether inventions emphasize cost and/or quality requires generating new [...]
Medicines and Intellectual Property: 10 Years of the WHO Global Strategy
The negotiations of the Intergovernmental Working Group on Public Health, Innovation and Intellectual Property (IGWG) (2006-2008), undertaken by the Member States of the World Health Organization (WHO), were the result [...]
Economic Perspectives on FRAND
The economic valuation of intellectual property is an area with which IP professionals still need to fully come to grips with. In the context of Standard Essential Patents (SEPs), the [...]
Is the Supreme Court’s Patentable Subject Matter Test Overly Ambiguous? An Empirical Test
In four cases handed down between 2010 and 2014, the Supreme Court articulated a new two-step patent eligibility test that drastically reduced the scope of patent protection for software inventions. [...]