The AIA at Ten-How Much Do the Pre-AIA Prior Art Rules Still Matter?
As the America Invents Act (AIA) turns 10, patent students across the country may ask: if the law is already a decade old, why am I spending so much time [...]
An Empirical Study of U.S. Copyright Fair Use Opinions Updated, 1978-2019
This article presents a brief update through 2019 of the author’s previous quantitative study of all reported federal court opinions that applied the Copyright Act’s four-factor test for copyright fair [...]
The Patents-Based Pharmaceutical Development Process: Rationale, Problems, and Potential Reforms
The pharmaceutical industry is facing substantial criticism from many directions, including financial barriers to access to drugs in both developed and developing countries, high profits, spending on advertising and marketing, [...]
Copyright in the Texts of the Law: Historical Perspectives
Recently, state governments have begun to claim a copyright interest in their official published codes of law, in particular arguing that ancillary materials such as annotations to the statutory text [...]
Innovation in the U.S. Government
This paper examines the U.S. government’s intramural research and development efforts over a 40-year period, drawing together multiple human capital, government spending, and patent datasets. The U.S. Federal Government innovates [...]
Tax Credits and Small Firm R&D Spending
In 2004, Canada changed the eligibility rules for its Scientific Research and Experimental Development (SRED) tax credit, which provides tax incentives for R&D conducted by small private firms. Difference-in-difference estimates [...]
Advance Market Commitments: Insights from Theory and Experience
Ten years ago, donors committed $1.5 billion to a pilot Advance Market Commitment (AMC) to help purchase pneumococcal vaccine for low-income countries. The AMC aimed to encourage the development of [...]
Scientific Grant Funding
This chapter provides an overview of grant funding as an innovation policy tool aimed at both practitioners and science policy scholars. We first discuss how grants relate to other contractual [...]
Blind Spot: How the COVID-19 Outbreak Shows the Limits of Pharma’s Monopoly Model
As yet another coronavirus spreads around the globe, scientists are once again trying to develop new treatments and vaccines. Much remains unknown about this family of viruses. But we know [...]
The Effects of Prize Structures on Innovative Performance
Successful innovation is essential for the survival and growth of organizations but how best to incentivize innovation is poorly understood. We compare how two common incentive schemes affect innovative performance [...]